| Landscapes |
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Landscapes
The first naturalistic landscapes were painted by Dürer and Bruegel. Landscapes appeared in most Renaissance paintings, however, only as settings to portrait painting and figure compositions. It was not until the 17th-century Dutch and Flemish schools of Rembrandt, Jacob van Ruisdael, Meindert Hobbema, Aelbert Cuyp, Rubens, and Hercules Seghers - that they were accepted in the West as independent subjects. The most significant developments in 19th-century painting, however, were made through the Impressionists landscapes and the Neo-Impressionists and Postimpressionists. Styles in landscape painting range from the tranquil, classically idealized world in Claude Lorrain and Poussin works, the precise, canal topography of Francesco Guardi and Canaletto paintings and the structural analyses of Cézanne to the poetic romanticism of Samuel Palmer and the later Constables and Turners and the exultant pantheism of Rubens and Van Gogh. Modern landscapes vary in approach from the Expressionism of Oskar Kokoschka's cities and rivers, Maurice de Vlaminck's wintry countrysides, and John Marin's crystalline seascape paintings to the metaphysical country of Ernst, Dalí, and René Magritte. |
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Adams , John Ottis (1851-1927)
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Aivazovsky, Ivan Constantinovich (1817-1900)
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Allston, Washington (1779-1843)
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Armstrong, David Maitland (1836-1918)
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Avercamp, Hendrick (1585-1634)
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Backhuysen, Ludolf (1631-1708)
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Bamberger, Friedrich (1814-1873)
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Bard, James (1815-1897)
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Bartholin La Cour, Janus Andreas (1837-1909)
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Beard, William Holbrook (1824-1900)
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Bellotto, Bernardo (1721-1780)
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Berchem, Nicolaes (1620-1683)
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Berg, Simon Van Den (1812-1891)
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Bicknell, Frank Alfred (1866-1943)
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Bierstadt, Albert (1830-1902)
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Bingham, George Caleb (1811-1879)
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Birch, Thomas (1779-1851)
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Bistagne, Paul (1850-1886)
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Blechen, Karl (1798-1840)
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Blinks, Thomas (1860-1912)
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Bloot, Pieter de (1601-1658)
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Bodemann, Willem (1806-1880)
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Bonington, Richard Parkes (1802-1828)
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Bonzi, Pietro Paolo (1576-1636)
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Both, Jan (1615-1652)
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Boudin, Eugene (1824-1898)
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Bradford, William (1823-1892)
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Braun, Maurice (1877-1941)
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Breanski Snr, Alfred de (1852-1928)
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Breckenridge, Hugh Henry (1870-1937)
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Brendekilde, Hans Anderson (1857-1920)
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Bricher, Alfred Thompson (1837-1908)
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Browne, Matilda (1869-1947)
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Bruestle, George M (1872-1939)
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Brush, George de Forest (1855-1941)
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Butler, Theodore Earle (1861-1936)
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Calame, Alexandre (1810-1864)
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Canaletto, Giovanni Antonio Canal (1697-1768)
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Carlevaris, Luca (1663-1730)
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Carus, Carl Gustav (1789-1869)
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Catel , Franz Ludwig (1778-1856)
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Cezanne, Paul (1839-1906)
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Chambers, Thomas (1808-1886)
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Chapman, Conrad Wise (1842-1910)
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Church, Frederic Edwin (1826-1900)
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Clark, Alson Skinner (1876-1949)
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Cole, George (1810-1883)
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Cole, George Vicat (1833-1893)
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Cole, Thomas (1801-1848)
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Compton, Edward Theodor (1849-0)
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Constable, John (1776-1837)
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Cooper, Thomas Sidney (1803-1902)
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Cornoyer, Paul (1864-1923)
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Corot, Jean-Baptiste -Camille (1796-1875)
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Cropsey, Jasper Francis (1823-1900)
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Cuitt, George the Elder (1743-1818)
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Culverhouse, Johann M (1821-1895)
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Cuneo, Rinaldo (1877-1939)
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Dahl, Hans Fredrik (1849-1937)
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DAHL, Johan Christian Clausen (1788-1857)
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Daubigny, Charles-Francois (1817-1878)
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Davis, Charles Harold (1856-1933)
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Deakin, Edwin (1838-1923)
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Decamp, Joseph (1858-1923)
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Denis, Simon-Joseph-Alexandre-Clement (1755-1813)
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Diaz de la Pena, Narcisse (1808-1876)
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Doll, Anton (1826-1887)
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Donoho, Gaines Ruger (1857-1916)
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Doughty, Thomas (1793-1856)
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Dughet, Gaspard (1615-1675)
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Durand, Asher Brown (1796-1886)
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Durrie, George Henry (1820-1863)
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Eakins, Thomas (1844-1916)
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Earl, Ralph (1751-1801)
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Eichholtz, Jacob (1776-1842)
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Ender, Thomas (1793-1875)
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Enneking, John J (1841-1916)
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Eversen, Adrianus (1818-1897)
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Fisher, Alvan (1793-1837)
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Fosci, Francesco (1710-1780)
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Friedrich, Caspar David (1774-1840)
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Fries, Ernst (1801-1833)
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Gifford, Sanford Robinson (1823-1880)
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Glackens, William (1870-1938)
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Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
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Gorter, Arnold Marc (1866-1933)
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Goubau, Anthonie (1616-1698)
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Graves, Abbott Fuller (1859-1936)
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Grimshaw, John Atkinson (1836-1893)
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Guardi, Francesco (1712-1793)
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Guigou, Paul-Camille (1834-1871)
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Haanen, Remigius Adriannus van (1812-1894)
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Hackert, Jacob Philipp (1737-1807)
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Hardwick, Melbourne (1857-1916)
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Harpignies, Henri-Joseph (1819-1916)
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Hart, James McDougal (1828-1901)
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Haseltine, William Stanley (1835-1900)
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Hassam, Childe (1859-1935)
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Havell, William (1785-1857)
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Heade, Martin Johnson (1819-1904)
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Hemy, Charles Napier (1841-1917)
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Herzog, Herman (1832-1932)
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Hill, Thomas (1829-1908)
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Hills, Anna Althea (1882-1930)
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Hilverdink, Johannes (1813-1902)
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Hitchcock, George (1850-1913)
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Hobbema, Meindert (1638-1709)
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Homer, Winslow (1836-1910)
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Inness, George (1825-1894)
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Irvine, Wilson Henry (1869-1936)
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Jansen, Joseph (1829-1905)
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John Dalby of York (1826-1853)
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Johnson, David (1827-1908)
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Jones, Hugh Bolton (1848-1927)
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Jongkind, Johan Barthold (1819-1891)
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Kensett, John Frederick (1816-1872)
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Klein, Lodewijk Johannes (1817-1897)
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Klerk, Willem De (1800-1876)
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Knight, Louis Aston (1873-1948)
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Koekkoek Snr, Hermanus (1815-1882)
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Koninck, Philips (1619-1688)
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Kruseman, Frederik Marianus (1817-1882)
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Kuypers, Cornelis (1864-1932)
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Lane, Fitz Hugh (1804-1865)
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Lawson, Ernest (1873-1939)
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Leickert, Charles Henri Joseph (1818-1907)
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Lepine, Stanislas (1835-1892)
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Leu, August Wilhelm (1819-1897)
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Levitan, Isaac Ilyich (1860-1900)
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Linnell, John (1792-1882)
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Loir, Luigi (1845-1916)
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Lorrain, Claude (1600-1682)
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Luker, William (1851-1889)
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Maris, Wenzel (Willem) (1844-1910)
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Marko, Karoly the Elder (1791-1860)
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Martin, Homer Dodge (1836-1897)
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McEntee, Jervis (1828-1891)
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Mesdag, Hendrik Willem (1831-1915)
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Metcalf, Willard Leroy (1858-1925)
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Michel, Georges (1763-1843)
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Millet, Francisque (1642-1679)
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Millet, Jean Francois (1814-1875)
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Momper, Joos de (1564-1635)
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Monchablon, Jean Ferdinand (1855-1904)
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Monet, Claude Oscar (1840-1926)
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Monsted, Peder Mork (1859-1941)
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Moran, Edward (1829-1901)
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Moran, Thomas (1837-1926)
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More, Jacob (1740-1793)
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Morel, Jan Evert (1835-1905)
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Morland, George (1763-1804)
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Munnings, Sir Alfred (1878-0)
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Nasmyth, Patrick (1787-1831)
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Neer, Aert van der (1603-1677)
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Nittis, Giuseppe De (1846-1884)
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Noter, Pierre Francois de (1779-1843)
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Nuyen, Wijnand Johannes Josephus (1813-1839)
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Olivier, Ferdinand (1785-1841)
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Ortega, Martin Rico y (1833-1908)
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Overbeck, Fritz (1869-1909)
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Palmer, Harry Sutton (1854-1933)
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Patel, Pierre (1605-1676)
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Percy, Sidney Richard (1821-1886)
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Pissaro, Camille (1830-1903)
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Potter, Paulus (1625-1654)
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Pynacker, Adam (1620-1673)
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Quinaux, Joseph (1822-1895)
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Rademaker, Hermanus Everhardus (1820-1885)
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Rebell, Joseph (1787-1828)
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Redmond, Granville (1871-1935)
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Reid, Robert (1862-1929)
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Reinhold, Heinrich (1788-1825)
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Richards, William Trost (1833-1905)
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Richet, Leon (1847-1907)
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Richter, Adrian Ludwig (1803-1884)
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Robinson, Theodore (1852-1896)
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Roelofs, Willem (1822-1897)
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Rose, Guy (1867-1925)
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Rottmann , Carl (1797-1850)
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Ruysdael, Salomon van (1600-1670)
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Ruyten, Jean Michael (1813-1881)
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Salmon, Robert (1775-1844)
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Sanchez-Perrier (1855-1907)
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Sande Bakhuyzen, Julius Jacobus van de (1835-1925)
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Santoro, Rubens (1859-1942)
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Sartorius, Francis (1735-1804)
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Savrasov, Alexey Kondratyevich (1830-1897)
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Schelfhout, Andreas (1787-1870)
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Schinkel, Karl Friedrich (1781-1841)
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Sebron, Hyppolyte Victor Valentin (1801-1897)
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Seymour, James (1702-1752)
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Shishkin, Ivan (1832-1898)
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Sisley, Alfred (1839-1899)
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Sonntag, William Louis (1822-1900)
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Spitzweg Carl (1808-1885)
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Springer, Cornelis (1817-1891)
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Steele, Theodore Clement (1847-1926)
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Thaulow, Frits (1847-1906)
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Thoma, Hans (1839-1924)
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Topffer, Adam-Wolfgang (1766-1847)
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Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775-1851)
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Unterberger, Franz Richard (1838-1902)
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Vasilyev, Fiodor Aleksandrovich (1850-1873)
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Voll , F. Usher De (1873-1941)
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Vonnoh, Robert (1858-1933)
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Weaver, Thomas (1774-1843)
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Whittredge, Thomas Worthington (1820-1910)
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Wilson, Richard (1714-1782)
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WITTEL, Caspar Andriaans van (1652-1736)
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Woodward, John Douglas (1846-1924)
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Wright, Joseph (1734-1797)
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Wyant, Alexander Helwig (1836-1892)
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Yelland, Raymond D (1848-1900)
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Ziem, Felix (1821-1911)
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Somerscales, Thomas Jacques (1842-1927)
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Stack, Josef Magnus (1812-1868)
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Stalbemt, Adriaan van (1580-1662)
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Stok, Jacobus Van Der (1794-1864)
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Swanevelt, Herman van (1600-1655)
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Tengnagel, Frederik Michael Fabritius de (1781-1849)
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Thors, Joseph (1863-1900)
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Twachtman, John (1853-1902)
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Uden, Lucas Van (1595-1672)
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Vadder, Lodewijk de (1605-1655)
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Valkenborch, Lucas van (1530-1597)
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Velde, Adriaen van de (1636-1672)
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Vernet, Claude-Joseph (1714-1789)
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Verwee, Louis Pierre (1807-1877)
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Vester, Willem (1824-1895)
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Vroom the younger, Cornelis (1591-1661)
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Brascassat, Jacques-Raymond (1804-1867)
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Koekkoek, Barend Cornelis (1803-1862)
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Roberts, David (1796-1864)
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Meadows, James Edwin (1853-1875)
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Schutz, Christian Georg (1758-1823)
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Luny, Thomas (1759-1837)
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Hulk, Abraham (1813-1897)
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